The Gurung Lho System
Understanding the Gurung Lho System
The Gurung Lho system is a unique zodiac calendar deeply woven into the cultural heritage of the Gurung people. Known as 'Lho' (Nxf]) in the Gurung language and 'Barga' (au{) in Nepali, this calendar divides time into repeating 12-year cycles, each represented by a specific animal in a fixed sequence. According to the Gurung zodiac, the New Year begins on Poush 15, a day celebrated with great enthusiasm and unity. Every 12 years, the cycle begins anew, starting with the 'Year of the Rat'.
The Gurung Lho system aligns with the Nepali Hindu calendar, Bikram Sambat (also spelled Vikram Samvat), to determine the timing of its New Year celebration. In the Bikram Sambat calendar, Poush is the ninth month, and Poush 15 is the day when the Gurung people celebrate Lhosar. Poush 15 corresponds to December 30, with some exceptions when it falls on December 31. A child born on Poush 15 is influenced by the new animal year, whereas a child born one day earlier, on Poush 14, is considered to be under the previous animal year. This suggests that the Gurung New Year technically begins on December 30 or 31 and that the difference in New Year dates between the two systems is minimal. The Bikram Sambat calendar is approximately 57 years ahead of the Gregorian calendar. In 2025 A.D., the Nepali Bikram Sambat calendar spans two years: the latter part of 2081 B.S. and the beginning of 2082 B.S.
CLICK HERE to read more on The Gurung Lhosar.
CLICK HERE to read about The Gurung History & Evolution.
Each Lho is believed to impart specific traits and qualities to individuals born under its influence, affecting personality, destiny, and social interactions. This traditional calendar is central to the Gurung identity, framing not only the celebration of festivals but also marking life milestones and connecting the community with ancestral traditions.
The Twelve Lho and Their Animal Representations
The twelve distinct animals in the Gurung Lho system are depicted in the image below, with their names provided in Gurung, Nepali, and English. Notably, one of these animals is the 'vulture.' However, there is misinformation or misunderstanding, as some Gurung communities occasionally use the term 'eagle' (u?* in Nepali) instead of 'vulture' (luWb in Nepali). This interchangeability indicates that 'vulture' and 'eagle' are sometimes treated synonymously to refer to the same year, despite being entirely different birds.
Cultural Significance of the Lho System
The Lho system occupies a central role in Gurung cultural life, shaping relationships, personalities, and community events. For instance, Tamu Lhosar (td" Nxf];f/), the Gurung New Year festival, commemorates the transition from one Lho to the next. The occasion is celebrated with gatherings, traditional dances, music, and festive foods, creating an opportunity for the community to honor the passing animal symbol and welcome the new Lho with hope, luck, and blessings.
Influence of the Lho System in Daily Life and Relationships
The Lho system also plays a key role in relationships. Compatibility between Lho animals is considered significant in marriage, as some pairings are thought to bring harmony, while others may require greater patience and understanding. For example, the Rat and Cow Lho are often seen as compatible, while a Tiger and Monkey pairing might be more challenging. Similarly, the Horse and Dog pairing is generally harmonious, reflecting shared loyalty and energy. These insights help foster respect and understanding within the Gurung community.
Preservation and Modern Adaptations of the Lho System
As modern influences impact traditional practices, the Gurung community continues to uphold the Lho system through cultural events and storytelling. Elders share the meanings and stories of each animal, passing down the Lho system’s wisdom through Tamu Lhosar and other celebrations. Organizations like Tamu Pariwar New York, Inc. and similar groups worldwide support these traditions, helping younger generations connect with their heritage and understand the Gurung zodiac’s rich symbolism.
The Gurung Lho is more than a zodiac. It is a cultural anchor that reflects the values, beliefs, and history of the Tamu people. Each Lho carries unique qualities and connections, offering a guide for harmonious living with oneself, others, and the world. The community's commitment to preserving and honoring this zodiac ensures that these ancient traditions will continue to inspire and shape future generations.
Year Mapping for the Gurung Lho Calendar in Bikram Sambat and Gregorian
